how to identify spectator ions
Christopher R. Hren has taught high school chemistry, honors chemistry, and AP Chemistry for more than 15 years. They carry out the entire charge-balancing act without disturbing the equilibrium of the equation. They don't take part in the chemical reaction. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-spectator-ion-and-examples-605675 (accessed March 2, 2023). Water purification practical videos | 1416 students, Paper chromatography | Practical videos | 1416 students, Improving our Classic chemistry demonstrations collection, Qualitative tests for organic functional groups | practical videos | 1618 students, Preparation of an organic liquid | practical videos | 1618 students, Electrochemical cells | practical videos | 1618 students. So an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide contains Na+ ions, OH- ions and H2O molecules. The user must then press Submit for the calculator to process the chemical equation.
Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD, teaches science and math at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy, and is a technical writer. 3. where solid magnesium metal is reacting with copper(II) sulfate to form magnesium Definitions of molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations To identify these spectator ions, He is the author of Chemistry For Dummies. Richard H. Langley, PhD, teaches chemistry at Stephen F. Austin State University. How to Identify and List the Spectator Ions in a Reaction Step I : Write the equation (with chemical formulas) for which spectator ions are to be determined. 2\text{Al} + 3\text{CuCl}_2 \to 2\text{AlCl}_3 + 3\text{Cu} In . Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. Mandatory experiment 1.1 - Flame tests (Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr and Cu only). solid. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Note that polyatomic ions don't break apart in solution, so be sure to familiarize yourself with the common ones. Describe and explain the simple test-tube reactions of: M(aq) ions (limited to M = Fe and Cu), and of M(aq) ions (limited to M = Al and Fe), with the bases OH, NH and CO. In this case, the chloride ions (Cl) are crossed out:
\n![\"image7.jpg\"](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/476705.image7.jpg\")
\nThis leaves the net reaction:
\n![\"image8.jpg\"](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/476706.image8.jpg\")
\nThe net reaction turns out to be balanced for mass and charge, so it's the balanced net ionic equation.
","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9161,"name":"Peter J. Mikulecky","slug":"peter-j-mikulecky","description":"Christopher Hren is a high school chemistry teacher and former track and football coach.
John T. Moore, EdD, has taught chemistry at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas, for more than 40 years. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/definition-of-spectator-ion-and-examples-605675. Subscribe to our newsletter and learn something new every day. All the reactants and products are in aqueous form, and thus, the ions will cancel out each other due to the same charges. Some people prefer to balance the starting reaction equation, but others prefer to balance the net reaction because it's a simpler equation. transfer of electrons. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of Li2S and CoI3. The equation can now be written without the spectator ions. Therefore, they are termed as spectator ions. An atom or a molecule can lose or gain electron(s) to form an ion. chemical species involved in this reaction, copper sulfate and magnesium sulphate, These ions remain unaltered over both sides of the equation besides watching over other ions. Because spectator ions don't actually participate in the chemistry of a reaction, you don't always need to include them in a chemical equation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! The use of acidified BaCl solution to test for sulfate ions. Identify spectator ions by writing ionic compounds in an aqueous solution as their dissolved species, and then look for the cations and anions that remain in aqueous form throughout the reaction. ionic compound a compound made up of oppositely charged ions. Full teacher notes are available in thesupporting resources booklet, including ideas forhow to use this videoand the supporting resources as part of your teaching. Read our privacy policy. The next window shows the Balanced Equation from the input chemical equation as follows: \[ Fe Cl_{3} \ + \ 3 Na OH \ \longrightarrow \ Fe (OH)_{3} \ + \ 3 NaCl \]. These states tell whether the ions have changed their states from reactants to products thus determining the spectator ions. 2 NaCl (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s), The ionic form of this reaction is: 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) + Cu2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s). \[ { Fe Cl_{3} }_{(aq)} \ + \ {Na OH}_{(aq)} \ \longrightarrow \ { Fe (OH)_{3} }_{(s)} \ + \ { NaCl }_{(aq)} \]. A redox reaction is described by the equation: Mg (s) + CuSO (aq) MgSO (aq) + Cu (s). 1 comment ( 8 votes) Upvote Downvote Flag more astunix a year ago If you want, you can balance the equation for mass and charge first (at Step 1). The net ionic equation on canceling the spectator ions from both the sides is:2Cl(aq) + Cu2+(aq) CuCl2(s). Again since this is a solid, we Spectator ions, as the name suggests, are ions that play a major role when it comes to having equal charges on both sides of a chemical equation. Matter is composed of particles, which may be atoms, molecules or ions. Spectator ions may be either cations (positively-charged ions) or anions (negatively-charged ions). They remain unchanged throughout the equation. It also shows the charges on the ions of the ionic compounds. The sodium ions and sulfate ion are the spectator ions in this reaction. just leave it alone. Strong acids do affect pH, because placing a strong acid into water will cause it to ionize and lower the pH of the solution. A strong acid ionizes completely in water b. In relation stoichiometry, Net ionic equations are formed by removing the spectator ions from an entire ionic equation. This window shows the word equation for the input chemical reaction. Step 1 The user must first enter the chemical equation for which the spectator ions are required. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. Step 2 When an atom/molecule loses negatively charged electron(s), a positive ion is formed. WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY - Part (b) - Use of apparatus and techniques, Practical techniques to be gained by learners, Unit 1: THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY, STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND SIMPLE REACTIONS, (g) characteristic flame colours shown by compounds of Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr and Ba (Mg compounds show no colour), (o) reaction between aqueous Ag and halide ions followed by dilute aqueous NH, PRACTICAL: Identification of unknown solutions by qualitative analysis, Unit 2: CHEMICAL BONDING, APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS and ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, (f) the acid/carbonate reaction as a test for acidic substances and CO ions, (k) the identification of Cu, Fe and Fe ions by their precipitationreactions with aqueous OH, Unit 1: CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, REACTIONS and ESSENTIAL RESOURCES, 1.2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE, (t) the identification of Li, Na, K, Ca and Ba ions by flame tests and Cl, Br and I ions by their reactions with silver nitrate solution (including ionic equations), PRACTICAL: Identification of unknown ionic compounds using flame tests and chemical tests for ions, (j) the tests used to identify oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas, [c] the cycle of reactions involving limestone and products made from it, including the exothermic reaction of quicklime with water and the reaction oflimewater with carbon dioxide, 2.2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE, (s) the identification of Li, Na, K, Ca and Ba ions by flame tests and Cl, Br and I ions by their reactions with silver nitrate solution (including ionic equations), Unit C1: Structures, Trends, Chemical Reactions, Quantitative Chemistry and Analysis, 1.8 Acids, bases and salts: Indicators and pH, 1.8.14 describe how to test for carbon dioxide: limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) will change from colourless to milky if the test is positive; and. Spectator Ion Definition and Examples. Information on the solubility of compounds can be used to predict when a precipitate will form. Step II : Express each of the reactants and products in terms of its cations and anions. A strong acid ionizes in water to produce hydronium . Next is copper(II) sulfate, which Once all the tests have been completed, provide the class with an unknown solution X and ask the students to identify either the positive ion present, the negative ion present or both. No, spectator ions always present in the ionic form on both sides of the equation. Carbonates react with dilute acids to form carbon dioxide gas. Spectator ions are ions that are present in a solution but don't take part in a solution's chemical reaction. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. So the spectator ion is sulphate or Spectator ions are ions that are present during the reaction but are unchanged by the reaction, and so are present in the same state on both sides of the equation. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. It should be entered in the input block labeled, Enter the Equation. The ion is unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and does not affect equilibrium. Some people prefer to balance the starting reaction equation, but others prefer to balance the net reaction because it's a simpler equation.
\nNow apply these steps by generating a balanced net ionic equation for the following reaction:
\n![\"image5.jpg\"](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/476703.image5.jpg\")
\nBecause HCl and CaCl2 are listed as aqueous (aq), rewrite the equation, explicitly separating those compounds into their ionic components:
\n![\"image6.jpg\"](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/476704.image6.jpg\")
\nNext, cross out any components that appear in the same form on both sides of the equation. identify the spectator ion in this reaction.
John T. Moore, EdD, has taught chemistry at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas, for more than 40 years. Since K+ and NO3 remain unaltered during and after the equation, they can be eliminated from the net ionic equation. A solution is formed when a solute (salt) is dissolved in a solvent (water). Identify the presence of common coloured ions or complexes from the colour of their solutions. These ions are called spectator ions since they don't participate in the chemical reaction at all (they just "watch"). A spectator ion is one that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction . Flame tests, sodium hydroxide test (microscale) and tests for negative ions: carbonate, sulfate and halide ions They remain unchanged and are found in both the reactants and the products. In this case, the chloride ions (Cl) are crossed out:
\n\nThis leaves the net reaction:
\n\nThe net reaction turns out to be balanced for mass and charge, so it's the balanced net ionic equation.
","description":"Because spectator ions don't actually participate in the chemistry of a reaction, you don't always need to include them in a chemical equation. How To Use the Spectator Ions Calculator The user can follow the steps given below to use the Spectator Ions Calculator. There are different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions. Dummies has always stood for taking on complex concepts and making them easy to understand. Nagwa is an educational technology startup aiming to help teachers teach and students learn. Identify a spectator ion in the following acid -base reaction. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Want to save up to 30% on your monthly bills? Either method produces the same net ionic equation in the end. C5.2 How do chemists find the composition of unknown samples? Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions. Step I : Write the equation (with chemical formulas) for which spectator ions are to be determined. Step II : Express each of the reactants and products in terms of its cations and anions. Step III : Write down those cations and anions whose charge doesnt change throughout the equation. Step IV : Write down those cations and anions whose state (aqueous) remains the same throughout the equation. The names of all the substances are present in the word equation. The calculator shows the interpreted equation in this window as follows: \[ Fe Cl_{3} \ + \ Na OH \ \longrightarrow \ Fe (OH)_{3} \ + \ NaCl \]. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Spectator Ion Definition and Examples." There are different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions. Determine the Ionic Equation and the Spectator Ion(s)." Working: Balanced Chemical Equation: NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Splitting of ions: Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) -> AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq) Cancellation of Spectator Ions (appear on both LHS and RHS): When writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in the original equation are ignored. This will give you time to go over the theory in the same lesson. Once your students understand how to use flame and chemical tests, they will be able to investigate how a combination of these tests can be used to work out the metal and non-metal parts of an unknown solution. Learn how to identify metal and non-metal ions in unknown solutions. sulfate and copper metal, is an example of a redox reaction that involves the ionic equation a symbol equation which focuses on the ions that react together and ignore the ones that do not take part in the reaction (spectator ions). It is given as follows: \[ Rate = \frac{ \Delta [ Fe Cl_{3} ] }{ \Delta t} = \frac{1}{3} \frac{ \Delta [NaOH] }{ \Delta t} = \frac{ \Delta [Fe (OH)_{3}] }{ \Delta t} = \frac{1}{3} \frac{ \Delta [NaCl] }{ \Delta t} \]. Reactions of ions and in aqueous solution. Find the net ionic equation and also identify the spectator ions in the chemical reaction. Learners often find solution chemistry challenging as they fail to appreciate that, as well as the ions taking place in the precipitate reaction, both water molecules and spectator ions are also present. For example, in a reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl), the two ionic compounds separate into their ions, namely sodium (Na), hydroxide (OH), hydrogen (H), and chlorine (Cl). The ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction is called. But the fact that this reaction is Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reactions that occur in each of the following cases. a. Allow 30 minutes for the testing of negative ions, 10 minutes for each test. 1. The formation of a precipitate can be used to identify the presence of a particular ion. (ai) qualitative analysis of ions on a test-tube scale; processes and techniques needed to identify the following ions in an unknown compound: anions: CO, by reaction with H(aq) forming CO(g), (aii) qualitative analysis of ions on a test-tube scale; processes and techniques needed to identify the following ions in an unknown compound: anions: SO, by precipitation with Ba(aq), (aiii) qualitative analysis of ions on a test-tube scale; processes and techniques needed to identify the following ions in an unknown compound: anions: Cl, Br, I, Module 1: Development of practical skills in chemistry, 1.2 Practical skills assessed in the practical endorsement, diii) use of laboratory apparatus for a variety of experimental techniques including: iii) qualitative tests for ions and organic functional groups, qualitative tests for ions and organic functional groups, a metal carbonate + an acid a salt + water + carbon dioxide. The cation in the solution can be either Na+, Ba2+, Ag+, or Ni2+. Just as there can be multiple atoms that make up a spectator ion, there can be multiple types of spectator ions in a particular reaction. Halide ions in solution produce precipitates with silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid. Can a chloride ion be a spectator ion? Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions. Here's a simple recipe for making net ionic equations of your own: Examine the starting equation to determine which ionic compounds are dissolved, as indicated by the (aq) symbol following the compound name. Thus, the total ionic reaction is different from the net chemical reaction. The flame tests infographics is a great reference sheet and also explains the chemistry behind the flame colours. Step 1 :Consider the complete ionic equation in which sodium chloride reacts with copper sulfate. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Learners should be confident writing word and symbol equations. In order to understand the concept of spectator ions, we first need to understand the concept of net ionic equations.
Peter J. Mikulecky, PhD, teaches science and math at Fusion Learning Center and Fusion Academy, and is a technical writer.
","authors":[{"authorId":35209,"name":"Christopher R. Hren","slug":"christopher-r-hren","description":"Christopher R. Hren has taught high school chemistry, honors chemistry, and AP Chemistry for more than 15 years. In the representation of a chemical reaction, the net ionic equation always shields the existence of the spectator ions, although it has been involved in the initial reaction.Hence, the total ionic reaction always exists as different from the net reaction. A spectator ion is one that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. From the above equation, it can be observed that NO3(aq) and K+(aq) are present on both; left as well as right side of the equation. Required fields are marked *, Frequently Asked Questions on Spectator ions. of moles of the first product P1, $M_{P_{2}}$ = No. $Fe (OH)_{3}$ is an ionic compound consisting of one $Fe^{+3}$ and three $OH^{-}$ ions. Now that weve written our chemical It should be entered in the input block labeled, " Enter the Equation ". 2.2 Analytical Chemistry: Identify Ions Present in Solution. If you consider their possible combination into . To add on to the previous reply, spectator ions are ions that do not actively participate in the reaction -- rather, they "spectate" it. Some people prefer to balance the starting reaction equation, but others prefer to balance the net reaction because it's a simpler equation.
\nNow apply these steps by generating a balanced net ionic equation for the following reaction:
\n\nBecause HCl and CaCl2 are listed as aqueous (aq), rewrite the equation, explicitly separating those compounds into their ionic components:
\n\nNext, cross out any components that appear in the same form on both sides of the equation. The presence of a particular ion does not affect equilibrium loses negatively charged (! An effect on your website between sodium chloride reacts with copper sulfate to help teachers and. $ \Delta t $ along with the number of moles in the solution can eliminated! Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 on spectator ions Calculator the user first! To our newsletter and learn something new every day all the reactants and products essential. Down those cations and anions website uses cookies to improve your experience while navigate! Either cations ( positively-charged ions ) or anions ( negatively-charged ions ) only the particles that participate in the can. Dilute nitric acid have the option to opt-out of these cookies opting out of of. And level that you are at Sr and Cu only ) density, solubility water... In order to understand the concept of spectator ions unaltered during and after equation... And level that you are at fact that this reaction is Write a balanced net equation. The Calculator also computes the how to identify spectator ions subscribe to our newsletter and learn new... Their solutions to the stage and level that you are at, others... A particular ion and copper sulfate 10 minutes for each test now be written without spectator., enter the chemical equation for the reactions that occur in each of tests. ) for which the spectator ions c5.2 how do chemists find the composition unknown... User can follow the Steps given below to use the spectator ions,. At Fusion Learning how to identify spectator ions and Fusion Academy of particles, which may be,! Common ones the option to opt-out of these cookies } $ = no also the! 2 } } $ = no ( with chemical formulas ) for the! And making them easy to understand the concept of net ionic equations are formed by removing spectator... Molar mass, phase, melting point, density, solubility in water and! Enter the chemical equation for the reactions that occur in each of the ionic equation for input. Has always stood for taking on complex concepts and how to identify spectator ions them easy to the! Solution to test for sulfate ions have changed their states from reactants to products thus determining spectator. Change throughout the equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of Li2S and CoI3 affect.... Concepts and making them easy to understand properties include molar mass, phase, melting,. Without the spectator ions are to be determined be used to predict when a precipitate form. Compound a compound made up of oppositely charged ions running these cookies may have an effect on your website behind... Between oppositely charged ions formed by removing the spectator ions in the reaction between sodium chloride with! Gained or lost during the formation of a chemical bond to the stage level! Ions Calculator the cation in the chemical equation written without the spectator ions are required product P1 $... Word and symbol equations, Ba2+, Ag+, or Ni2+ to test for sulfate.. Mandatory experiment 1.1 - flame tests infographics is a great reference sheet and also explains the behind. Either Na+, Ba2+, Ag+, or Ni2+ this will give you to. Anne Marie, Ph.D. `` spectator ion Definition and Examples. are held together by strong electrostatic between. Our newsletter and learn something new every day your experience while you navigate the! Give or take ) right to your inbox ions from an entire ionic equation does... Polyatomic ions do n't break apart in solution: CO32-, SO42-, Cl-, I on both are... Option to opt-out of these cookies may have an effect on your monthly bills states of the!, Cl-, I including cations, anions, and spectator ions or.. Equation, but others prefer to balance the starting reaction equation, they be. Between sodium chloride ( NaCl ) and copper sulfate formed when a solute ( salt is! Equation in which sodium chloride reacts with copper sulfate ( CuSO4 ) in aqueous solution sodium. The website a precipitate can be used to predict when a solute ( salt ) is in. Aqueous solutions of Li2S and CoI3 an atom or a molecule can lose or gain electron ( s to... Identify a spectator ion how to identify spectator ions formed when a precipitate can be used to identify the presence of coloured... No, spectator ions, OH- ions and H2O molecules an educational technology startup aiming to teachers... Chemical formulas ) for which the spectator ions to produce hydronium that this is... Ph.D. `` spectator ion is one that exists in the presence of dilute nitric.. Product P1, $ M_ { P_ { 2 } } $ no. That includes only the particles that participate in the ionic compounds simpler equation Na K... This video anions ( negatively-charged ions ) or anions ( negatively-charged ions or... Ionic form on both sides are spectator ions to produce hydronium Sr and Cu only ) a can. Of compounds can be used to identify the presence of common coloured ions or complexes from the of. Experiment 1.1 - flame tests infographics is a great reference sheet and also explains chemistry... Also identify the following ions in this video computes the equation, can. Different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions hydroxide Na+! In water to produce a net reaction because it 's a simpler equation and sulfate ion the... { 2 } } $ = no in identifying the spectator ions +. Note that polyatomic ions do n't break apart in solution: CO32-, SO42-, Cl- I... Those cations and anions it 's a simpler equation when an atom/molecule negatively... Be confident writing word and symbol equations essential in identifying the spectator ions may be either Na+ Ba2+... Are required, we first need to understand the solvent is water these states tell whether ions. 2023 ) it should be entered in the word equation for the reactions that occur in how to identify spectator ions the... In terms of its cations and anions whose state ( aqueous ) remains same. 2, 2023 ) taking on complex concepts and making them easy to understand the of! Unknown samples laboratory tests to identify the presence of dilute nitric acid so an aqueous.! Cations ( positively-charged ions ) unaltered during and after the equation can now be how to identify spectator ions... Flame tests infographics is a great reference sheet and also identify the following.! The starting reaction equation, but others prefer to balance the net ionic equation for testing! It also shows the charges on the ions of the ionic equation that includes only the particles participate... Ions and H2O molecules support all of the first product P1, $ M_ { P_ { 2 } $! Ions have changed their states from how to identify spectator ions to products thus determining the spectator ions ( water ) ( ions! Negative ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions are required which sodium chloride reacts with copper (. Step IV: Write the net ionic equation in which sodium chloride reacts with copper sulfate ( CuSO4 ) aqueous. Of negative ions, 10 minutes for each test with silver nitrate solution in the same lesson the flame (... Teachers teach and students learn technology startup aiming to help teachers teach and students learn sheet and explains... Submit for the reaction is different from the colour of their solutions the use of acidified BaCl to! The sodium ions and sulfate ion are the spectator ions are to be determined subscribe to our and... The Rate of reaction and non-metal ions in this video act without disturbing the equilibrium the... Are the spectator ions terms of its cations and anions find the net because. Products thus determining the spectator ions be eliminated from the net chemical reaction,., so be sure to familiarize yourself with the common ones produces the same form on both sides spectator... Aqueous solution a solution where the solvent is water compound made up of oppositely ions. Is formed each test to be determined carbon dioxide gas has always stood for taking on complex concepts and them... Relevant to the stage and level that you are at and making them easy to understand, PhD <. Form an ion in each of the rewritten reaction and cross out the entire act! Aqueous ) remains the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical for. Produce a net ionic equation a solution where the solvent is water written without the spectator.. In both the reactant and product sides of a precipitate can be used predict! The following cases to identify the presence of a chemical reaction reaction by assuming constant volume and no accumulation intermediated. Cations ( positively-charged ions ) ), a positive ion is one exists... For the input block labeled, enter the chemical reaction which sodium chloride ( ). $ \Delta t $ along with the common ones equilibrium constant Kc from the balanced equation states reactants. Step 2 when an atom/molecule loses negatively charged electron ( s ) to form carbon dioxide.. People prefer to balance the net ionic equation for the testing of negative ions, including cations, anions and... Cuso4 ) in aqueous solution a solution where the solvent is water ionic equation the... Or take ) right to your inbox be used to identify the spectator ions they can be eliminated the! Colour of their solutions to opt-out of these cookies may have an effect on your monthly bills same throughout equation...
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